A convenience sample is either a collection of subjects that are accessible or a self selection of individuals willing to participate which is exemplified by your volunteers. Subjects for a study are easily available within the proximity of the researcher. Possible bias in data gathering this method can get the views of a specific group of people and not the whole population. A convenience sample is one of the main types of non probability sampling methods. Convenience sampling can be used by almost anyone and has been around for generations. A convenience sample is a nonprobability sample in which the researcher uses the subjects that are nearest and available to participate in the research study.
Pdf comparison of convenience sampling and purposive. Using convenience or judgment sampling often produces. Uses researchers use convenience sampling not just because it is easy to use, but. Accidental sampling is convenience in reading the sampling population, mostly used among marketers or newspaper researchers. Hence, the researcher does not have to do any extra effort or go out of the way to gather data. A study on purposive sampling method in research neetij rai bikash thapa chapter i. In many cases, members are readily approachable to be a part of the sample. Snowball sampling or chainreferral sampling is defined as a nonprobability sampling technique in which the samples have traits that are rare to find. Few terms or concepts in the study of research design are as selfexplanatory as convenience sampling. First, the researcher must divide the population of. It is a type of nonprobability sampling that focuses on a sample that is easy to access and. Convenience sampling, a type of nonprobability sampling method, was used.
In probability sampling, each element in the population has a known nonzero chance of being selected through the use of a. Sampling techniques introduction to sampling distinguishing between a sample and a population simple random sampling step 1. If youre interested in researching a specific group of people, like restaurant managers or crime victims, you need to recruit participants for your study. Estimators for systematic sampling and simple random sampling are identical. The difference between convenience and incidental sampling is that convenience sampling chooses the easiest people to reach when a sampling is done, whereas incidental sampling is done at random. This is contrary to probability sampling, where each member of the population has a known, nonzero chance of being selected to participate in the study necessity for nonprobability sampling can be explained in a way that for some studies it is not.
Assessing limitations and uses of convenience samples. The way of sampling in which each item in the population has an equal chance this chance is greater than zero for getting selected is called probability sampling. In addition to this, sampling has the following advantages also. Therefore, systematic sampling is used to simplify the process of selecting a sample or to ensure ideal dispersion of sample units throughout the population. Systematic sampling is simpler and more straightforward than random sampling. Therefore, convenience sampling does not promote external validity b is false. Researchers use the simple random sample methodology to choose a subset of individuals from a larger population. Digest successfully predicted the presidential elections in 1920, 1924,1928, 1932 but. Purposive sampling relies on the presence of relevant individuals within a population group to provide useful data. Probability sampling is any sampling scheme in which the probability of choosing each individual is the same or at least known, so it can be readjusted mathematically. The interviewer has been given quotas to fill from specified subgroups of the population, e.
Sampling methods chapter 4 sampling methods that do not ensure each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected into the study voluntary response samples studies that recruit participants through advertising newspaper, magazine, and television surveys haphazard or. However, you should be fully aware of the pros and cons of convenience sampling before you conduct research. In taking a sample of villages from a big state, it is more administratively convenient to consider the districts as strata so that the administrative set up at district level may be used. Convenience sampling is a type of nonprobability sampling.
Be specific in identifying and describing the target population and accessible population or sampling frame. It is the most commonly used sampling technique as its incredibly prompt, uncomplicated, and economical. Administrative convenience can be exercised in stratified sampling. Purposeful sampling is a technique widely used in qualitative research for the identification and selection of informationrich cases for the most effective use of limited resources patton, 2002. On the other hand, systematic sampling introduces certain. When using judgment sampling, researchers can conduct interviews and other more handson data collection techniques such as holding focus groups due to the lower volume of subjects. A research on the habits, thoughts, views, and opinions of people can help us in the betterment of the society. Perhaps it depends on the type of research being conducted. A convenience sample is made up of people who are easy to reach or who are conveniently available to participate in study. Although, nonprobability sampling has a lot of limitations due to the subjective nature in choosing the. Convenience sampling also known as availability sampling is a specific type of nonprobability sampling method that relies on data collection from population members who are conveniently available to participate in study.
Convenience foods may offer some fantastic such as less time spent in the kitchen or planning meals, less preparation time, fewer leftovers and easy cleaning up. History of sampling contd dates back to 1920 and started by literary digest, a news magazine published in the u. One final consideration on the advantages and disadvantages of purposive sampling. Hence, if some groups are overrepresented or underrepresented, this can affect the quality of data being gathered.
Advantages a it is a good representative of the population. Convenience sampling is a method of collecting data samples from people or respondents who are easily accessible to the researcher. Because of the wellintentioned movement to improve the representation of underrepresented groups in developmental research, there has developed a sampling strategy of recruiting fixed numbers of participants from different sociodemographic groups e. This article studied and compared the two nonprobability sampling techniques namely, convenience sampling and purposive sampling. Failed in 1936 the literary digest poll in 1936 used a sample of 10 million, drawn from government lists of automobile and telephone. Convenience sampling is not preferred way of sampling for effective analysis as samples are taken from specific section of the population. This technique is also referred to as accidental sampling, and is commonly used in pilot studies prior to launching a.
Convenience sampling is defined as a method adopted by researchers where they collect market research data from a conveniently available pool of respondents. It is also considered a fair way to select a sample from a population, since each member has equal opportunities to be selected. Convenience sampling and purposive sampling are nonprobability sampling techniques that a researcher uses to choose a sample of subjectsunits from a population. Advantages of simple random sampling one of the best things about simple random sampling is the ease of assembling the sample. Sampling ensures convenience, collection of intensive and exhaustive data, suitability in limited resources and better rapport.
Probability sampling uses lesser reliance over the human judgment which makes the overall process. One of the reasons that it is most often used is due to the numerous advantages it provides. Insights from an overview of the methods literature abstract the methods literature regarding sampling in qualitative research is characterized by important inconsistencies and ambiguities, which can be problematic for students and researchers seeking a clear and coherent understanding. However, the pros and cons of convenience sampling presented here cant be denied that although it has some advantages, it also have disadvantages. Probability sampling is useful in studies where full representation of a group is desired, as opposed to less focused types of sampling, such as convenience or quota sampling. This involves identifying and selecting individuals or groups of individuals that are especially knowledgeable about or experienced with a phenomenon of interest. Judgmental or purposive sampling the sampling design is based on the judgement of the researcher as. Convenience sampling is a type of sampling where the first available primary data source will be used for the research without additional. Convenience sampling sometimes called accidental sampling is the selection of a sample of participants from a population based on how convenient and readily available that group of participants is. Contacting members of the sample stratified random sampling convenience sampling quota sampling thinking critically about. In convenience sampling, the sample is selected because it is easy to obtain. It has the same advantages and disadvantages as quota sampling and it is not guided by any obvious characteristics. For students who must collect data, here are our suggestions.
If researchers cannot find enough people or units that meet their criteria, then this process will become a waste of time and resources. It can also be more conducive to covering a wide study area. Quota sampling is a nonprobability sampling technique in which researchers look for a specific characteristic in their respondents, and then take a tailored sample that is in proportion to a population of interest how to choose a quota sample. Here lets check on some of the advantages and disadvantages of convenience foods. Ease of availability as the name suggests, the major advantage of convenience sampling is the convenience with which it can be carried out. The advantages of judgment sampling judgment sampling is less time consuming than other sampling techniques. The characteristics of any sample obtained using convenience sampling must be inspected to determine how well the sample represents the population.
We have all seen studies that leverage students in the computer science classes. Convenience sampling is a method of collecting samples by taking samples that are conveniently located around a location or internet service. Convenience sampling an overview sciencedirect topics. This is a sampling technique, in which existing subjects provide referrals to recruit samples required for a research study for example, if you are studying the level of customer satisfaction among the members. When we choose certain items out of the whole population to analyze the data and draw a conclusion thereon, it is called sampling. It allows a population to be sampled at a set interval called the sampling interval. In probability sampling, each element in the population has a known nonzero chance of being selected through the use of a random selection procedure. Facebook polls or questions can be mentioned as a popular example for convenience sampling. Convenience sampling is a type of nonprobability sampling in which people are sampled simply because they are convenient sources of data for researchers.
In nonprobability sampling also known as nonrandom sampling not all members of the population has a chance of participating in the study. Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. Disadvantages a it is a difficult and complex method of samplings. Cluster sampling is used to study the behavior of units within a group rather than individuals, and is less accurate than individualbased types of probability sampling.
What are advantages and disadvantages of convenience. Check the advantages and disadvantages of convenience sampling. This method is extremely speedy, easy, readily available, and cost effective, causing it to. If data were to be collected for the entire population, the cost will be quite high. Of the many pros and cons of systematic sampling, the greatest. Probability sampling, advantages, disadvantages mathstopia.
According to this view, psychology and other applied fields are disciplines built on convenience samples. Convenience sampling is the most common form of nonprobabilistic sampling, mostly because it is misused. Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and. Convenience sampling is the most easiest way to do that. Convenience samples judgemental samples quota sampling. Choosing a quota sample can be broken down into three steps. When you are asked to survey about the habit of drinking alcohol in your town, you will not go and roam all around.
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